A cinema during childhood
During my teenage days we saw the Malayalam movie “Chemmeen”
which was about fishermen’s lives. There is a belief that the fisherman’s safe
return from the sea is guaranteed by his wife’s chastity or faithfulness to her
husband. In the movie, on a stormy night when the husband is out in the sea
fishing, the wife sleeps with her lover and in the morning she gets to see the
husband’s dead body. It had a deep impact on my psyche. For me, truthfulness
and faithfulness are two basic qualities in a good human being.
Over the years I got this question in my mind whether
chastity is a quality that only women should have. It is nauseating to see men
boasting about having multiple one night stands and some fathers feeling proud
that their sons are womanisers. It is a sad aspect that in modern days women
are also going the same way.
A blessing indeed
I feel blessed to have a relative who reads our sacred books
and scriptures for the last 30 years. Whenever I have any doubts to clear on
religion and spirituality, it is to him that I turn to. Recently, out of the
blue, he narrated the story of Sudhanva to my husband. When I heard it, I told
my husband that it was a message for me that answered the question lingering in
my mind for many years.
The Ashvamedha Yagya
After the passing away of grandfather Bhishma, Lord Krishna advised
Maharaja Yudhisthira to conduct Ashvamedha (horse) Yagya (sacrifice). These sacrifices required the subordination of all earthly Kings.
Maharaja Yudhisthira released the sacrificial horse and ordered Arjuna to
follow it wherever it went and to fight with any belligerent rulers, who did
not want to accept the King's sovereignty. The sacrificial horse was freed from
the city of Hastinapura and allowed to wander wherever it wished. If the horse
entered a kingdom and was taken captive, the warrior following the horse fought
with the challengers. Thus Arjuna followed the sacrificial horse as it roamed
from one country to another.
Sudhanva’s story
His story begins with capture of this stallion. Sudhanva,
son of Hamsadhvaja, stops the horse with only one intention. Being an ardent
devotee of Lord Krishna, Sudhanva wanted to see him and attain emancipation
(moksha) in front of Krishna. As the war begins, Sudhanva is disappointed that
Krishna is not the charioteer for Arjuna. Sudhanva is equally skilled in the
war compared to Arjuna and kills the charioteer, thus forcing Lord Krishna to
arrive.
After an intense fight between the two, Sudhanva gains a
slight upper hand against Arjuna. He vows to kill Arjuna within the next three
arrows. When it appears that Arjuna is about to be killed, Krishna comes to his
help to counter the arrows. He says to Arjuna, “Sudhanva, apart from being a
great warrior, has only one wife and has accumulated immense merit by being completely
loyal to her. We both don’t have any such merit. So this is going to be really
tough.”
Lord Krishna's words from Mahabharata
When they were ready with their first arrows, Lord Krishna
puts all the merit he had accumulated by lifting the Govardhan mountain and
saving the people into the arrow of Arjuna to make it all powerful. Then
Sudhanva puts all his merits due to ‘Ekpatnivrat’ into his arrow, and that
broke Arjuna’s arrow into two mid air.
For the second arrow, Lord Krishna added the merits he
gained during ‘Varaha’ (boar) avatar when he lifted the Earth from the ocean
and restored her place in the Universe, after killing the demon Hiranyaksha.
Sudhanva put all the merits gained from his ideal character and conduct. This
time also his arrow broke Arjuna’s arrow.
For the third and final arrow, Lord Krishna pledged all
merits earned during his avatar as Rama on account of his absolute loyalty to
Sita. Sudhanva put all merits earned from selfless life and constant remembrance
of God. This time Arjuna’s arrow cut Sudhanva’s head, which flew and fell at
the feet of Lord Krishna. Thus he attained moksha. Sudhanva’s life revealed
that a house holder’s ( Grihasta dharma) life is no less that any sage’s life,
when lived in proper way.
Garuda’s dilemma
Lord Krishna summoned Garuda and asked to take Sudhanva’s
head to the Prayag (Triveni sangam). Garuda was confused, “Sudhanva has attained moksha, so why
is this necessary?”
Lord Krishna said, “This is not for his benefit. The divine
vibrations from his head when merging with the holy waters, will help
those who take bath to remove their sins.” Then Garuda takes the head to
Prayag.
A place in Lord Shiva’s garland
When Garuda was about to drop the head,
Nandi arrived there and said, “Lord Shiva has sent me to get Sudhanva’s head.
It is so divine that he wants to put it around his neck.” There was argument
between the two, and the moment Sudhanva’s head touched the water (thus
imparting vibrations), Nandi lifted it and went to Lord Shiva.
It is interesting that while the great merits of being loyal
to one wife is explicitly described in this incidence from Mahabharata, it is never discussed or publicized, and this
information is not available on the net too. Another proof that it IS a MAN’s
world!!
References:
https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/mahabharata/d/doc118467.html
https://payaniga.com/yakshagana-war-sudhanva-arjuna/
https://www.punjabkesari.in/dharm/news/mahabharat-1545923